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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e253107, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355911

ABSTRACT

Abstract Life cycle assessment was carried out for a conventional wooden furniture set produced in Mardan division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2018-19. Primary data regarding inputs and outputs were collected through questionnaire surveys from 100 conventional wooden furniture set manufacturers, 50 in district Mardan and 50 in district Swabi. In the present study, cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment approach was applied for a functional unit of one conventional wooden furniture set. Production weighted average data were modelled in the environmental impacts modelling software i.e., SimaPro v.8.5. The results showed that textile used in sofa set, wood preservative for polishing and preventing insects attack and petrol used in generator had the highest contribution to all the environmental impact categories evaluated. Total cumulative energy demand for wooden furniture set manufactured was 30,005 MJ with most of the energy acquired from non-renewable fossil fuel resources.


Resumo A abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida foi realizada para um conjunto de móveis de madeira convencional produzido na divisão Mardan da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa do Paquistão durante 2018-19. Os dados primários sobre entradas e saídas foram coletados por meio de pesquisas por questionário de 100 fabricantes de conjuntos de móveis de madeira convencionais, 50 no distrito de Mardan e 50 no distrito de Swabi. No presente estudo, a abordagem de avaliação do ciclo de vida do berço ao portão foi aplicada para uma unidade funcional de um conjunto de móveis de madeira convencional. Os dados da média ponderada da produção foram modelados no software de modelagem de impactos ambientais, isto é, SimaPro v.8.5. Os resultados mostraram que os têxteis usados ​​no conjunto de sofás, o preservativo de madeira para polir e prevenir o ataque de insetos e a gasolina usada no gerador tiveram a maior contribuição em todas as categorias de impacto ambiental avaliadas. A demanda total acumulada de energia para o conjunto de móveis de madeira fabricado foi de 30.005 MJ, com a maior parte da energia adquirida de recursos de combustíveis fósseis não renováveis.


Subject(s)
Environment , Interior Design and Furnishings , Pakistan
2.
Rev. ADM ; 79(3): 152-155, mayo-jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378580

ABSTRACT

La llegada del COVID-19 generó diversos cambios significativos en el área de la salud y particularmente en el área odontológica, donde se priorizaron los tratamientos de urgencia relegando los procedimientos menores y atención de citas a la vía virtual. Otras modificaciones se concentraron en el uso de equipos de protección personal y logística de atención tanto para el paciente como para el profesional, siguiendo las indicaciones de las normas diseñadas para esta función; adicionalmente se hicieron adecuaciones en las áreas de recepción y práctica odontológica, y se capacitó a los profesionales en temas relativos a la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las implicaciones generadas en la práctica odontológica durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en los ámbitos de triaje, infraestructura, normativa y capacitación (AU)


The arrival of COVID-19 produced a series of significant changes in the health area and particularly in the dental area where emergency treatments were prioritized, relegating minor procedures and appointment care to the virtual route, other modifications focused on the use of personal protective equipment and care logistics for both the patient and the professional following the indications of the standards designed for this function, additionally adjustments were made in the reception and dental practice areas, and professionals were trained on issues related to the disease. The objective of this article is to analyze the implications generated in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in the areas of triage, infrastructure, regulations and training (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Triage , Infection Control, Dental/methods , Infrastructure , COVID-19 , Clinical Protocols , Dental Care/standards , Dental Offices , Videoconferencing , Health Human Resource Training , Interior Design and Furnishings
3.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 15(4): 510-523, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350692

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The built environment can be a home to compensatory strategies aimed at increasing the independence of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease, by mitigating the cognitive impairment caused by it. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out which interventions were performed in indoor environments and observe their impacts on the relief of behavioral symptoms related to the disorientation of elderly people with probable Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses criteria in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Two researchers carried out the selection of the studies, following the same methodology. The third author contributed during the writing process and in the decision-making. Results: Of note, 375 studies were identified and 20 studies were included in this systematic review. The identified interventions were classified into environmental communications and environmental characteristics. Conclusions: Environmental communications had positive results in guiding and reducing agitation. In contrast, while reducing behavioral symptoms related to orientation, environmental characteristics showed improvements mainly in social engagement and functional capacity.


RESUMO O ambiente construído pode ser lar para estratégias compensatórias destinadas a aumentar a independência de idosos com doença de Alzheimer, ao mitigar o comprometimento cognitivo causado por ela. Objetivo: Descobrir quais intervenções foram realizadas em ambientes internos e observar seus impactos no alívio de sintomas comportamentais relacionados à desorientação de idosos com provável doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada usando os critérios Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses na base de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/ PubMed. Dois pesquisadores realizaram a seleção dos estudos seguindo a mesma metodologia. O terceiro autor contribuiu durante o processo de redação e nas tomadas de decisão. Resultados: Foram identificados 375 estudos e 20 foram incluídos na presente revisão sistemática. As intervenções observadas foram classificadas em comunicações ambientais e características ambientais. Conclusões: As comunicações ambientais tiveram resultados positivos na orientação e na redução da agitação. As características ambientais, por outro lado, embora reduzam os sintomas comportamentais relacionados à orientação, mostraram melhorias principalmente no engajamento social e na capacidade funcional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Interior Design and Furnishings
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(6): 386-393, dic. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1342806

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El mobiliario escolar influye en la postura sedente que adopta el alumnado en el aula, con efectos en su salud y aprendizaje. Por ello, es preciso determinar la existencia de un posible desajuste entre las dimensiones del mobiliario escolar y la antropometría del alumnado, así como realizar una propuesta de tallas en base a la realidad del aula y las normativas de Galicia y la Unión Europea. Población y métodos. Un evaluador experto en antropometría realizó las mediciones de peso, talla, altura poplítea, hombro y codo sentado, con un antropómetro, comparándolas posteriormente con las sillas y mesas utilizadas actualmente. Las técnicas de análisis empleadas fueron: descriptivo (medidas de tendencia central), análisis de la varianza de un factor, prueba t, prueba de chi cuadrado (en software SPSS®) y tamaño del efecto (d de Cohen). El nivel de significación establecido fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados. La muestra se compuso de 108 estudiantes españoles de educación primaria (de entre 6 y 12 años). El 91,7 % y el 97,2 % del alumnado emplea, respectivamente, una silla y una mesa que no se ajusta a sus características antropométricas, y utiliza mobiliario con un tamaño superior al que le corresponde. La normativa de tallas de mobiliario que rige actualmente en la población estudiada no es apropiada, al no tener sillas y mesas adecuadas a los primeros cursos de primaria. Conclusiones. Existe un alto grado de desajuste entre el mobiliario y la antropometría del alumnado. Se propone seguir las tallas de la normativa europea, utilizando varias tallas por curso o mobiliario regulable, para adaptarse a las características antropométricas de todo el alumnado.


Introduction. School furniture affects the sitting position of students in the classroom, as well as their health and learning. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the existence of a potential mismatch between school furniture dimensions and students' anthropometric characteristics, as well as to propose dimensions based on classroom actuality and the regulations in place in both Galicia and the European Union. Population and methods. An evaluator with experience in anthropometry measured weight, height, popliteal height, sitting shoulder height, and sitting elbow height using an anthropometer and then compared values with the chairs and desks currently used. Analysis techniques were descriptive (measures of central tendency), single-factor analysis of variance, t test, χ² test (using the SPSS® software), and effect size (Cohen's d test). The significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05.Results. The sample was made up of 108 Spanish children in primary school (aged 6-12 years). Of them, 91.7 % and 97.2 % use, respectively, a chair and a desk that do not adjust to their anthropometric characteristics and use furniture that is larger than what they need. The regulations for furniture dimensions currently in place for the studied population are not adequate because the chairs and desks included are not adequate for the first grades of primary school. Conclusions. There is a high mismatch level between school furniture and students' anthropometric characteristics. We propose the use of the European regulations for furniture dimensions, with varying heights per grade or adjustable furniture that can be adapted to the anthropometric characteristics of all students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Schools , Interior Design and Furnishings , Spain , Students , Pilot Projects , Anthropometry
6.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2021. 235 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1532650

ABSTRACT

Considerando a presença do familiar/acompanhante na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP), ocorreram transformações na ambiência da unidade intensiva para atender as demandas referentes a assistência à criança e sua família. O estudo tem como objeto a configuração da ambiência da UTIP na assistência à criança e sua família. Objetivos: indicar os elementos da ambiência da UTIP; analisar a configuração da ambiência da UTIP com a presença da família da criança e discutir as implicações da configuração da ambiência da UTIP com a presença da família da criança para a prática assistencial de enfermagem. O marco conceitual está fundamentado em três eixos: caracterização da unidade na assistência centrada na criança e sua família de Elsen e Patrício (2005); a Teoria Ambientalista de Florence Nightingale (1989) e aos Condicionantes Ambientais da Arquitetura nos Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde, baseado nas legislações vigentes para construção e planejamento da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Os cenários do estudo foram as Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica de três hospitais públicos do Sistema Único de Saúde, localizados no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes foram sete gestores de enfermagem e 28 enfermeiros assistenciais. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram um formulário de caracterização dos participantes (enfermeiros e gestores de enfermagem), um questionário semiestruturado (enfermeiros), uma entrevista semiestruturada (gestores de enfermagem) e observação participante (ambiência dos cenários). A análise dos dados foi baseada na análise temática, sendo utilizado o software Iramuteq 7.2. como ferramenta de apoio para organização dos dados. Os gestores não valorizaram a influência dos elementos ambientais na recuperação da criança. Contudo, os aspectos relacionados ao espaço físico da unidade, distanciamento entre leitos, mobiliário e localização do posto de enfermagem foram mencionados por eles. Para os enfermeiros, houve ênfase nos seguintes elementos condicionantes do ambiente: iluminação; ventilação; ruídos; janelas com vista para o exterior; cores e decoração; espaço físico da unidade; distanciamento entre leitos; mobiliário e odores. Dentre esses elementos, os ruídos foram indicados como um incômodo de forma unânime. A relação do familiar/acompanhante e a equipe de enfermagem foi também abordada pelos dois grupos de participantes, assim como a necessidade de oferecer melhores condições de permanência no ambiente. Concluiu-se que apesar das transformações, como o surgimento das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e a presença da família nessas unidades, a equipe de enfermagem deve manter os princípios de Florence Nightingale no que se refere à influência do ambiente no processo saúde-doença e a promoção de uma ambiência adequada e acolhedora para a assistência à criança e sua família, estabelecendo como meta o cuidado centrado na criança e sua família, em consonância com as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Humanização e atendendo as normas vigentes para o planejamento e construção dos estabelecimentos de saúde. As adequações não implicam, necessariamente, em elevados custos, mas, na maioria das vezes, em simples revisões e atualizações das práticas assistenciais, bem como na capacitação periódica da equipe sobre a ambiência e humanização, como também no engajamento do enfermeiro em todo processo de planejamento, construção e/ou reforma da unidade.


With the presence of the family member/companion at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), it is believed that changes occurred in the environment of the intensive care unit to meet the demands regarding care for the child and his family. The study has as its object the ambiance setting of the PICU in the assistance to the child and his family. Objectives: to indicate the elements of the ambiance of the PICU; to analyze the ambiance setting of the PICU with the presence of the child's family and discuss the implications of the ambiance setting of the PICU for the nursing care practice with the attendance of the child's family. The conceptual framework is based on three axes: Elsen and Patrício's characterization of the unit in child and family-centered care (2005); Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory (1989), and the Environmental Conditioning Factors of Architecture in Health Care Facilities, based on current legislation for the construction and planning of the Intensive Care Unit. It is a qualitative research. The study scenarios were the Pediatric Intensive Care Units of three public hospitals of the Public Health System (SUS), located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Seven nursing managers and 28 care nurses participated in the study. A form of characterization of the participants (nurses and nursing managers), a semi-structured questionnaire (nurses), a semi-structured interview (nursing managers), and participant observation (scenario ambiance) were the methodological procedures. Data analysis was based on thematic analysis, using Iramuteq 7.2 software as a support tool for data organization. The managers did not value the influence of environmental elements on the child's recovery. However, they mentioned the aspects related to the physical space of the unit, the distance between beds, furniture, and the location of the nursing station. For the nurses, there was an emphasis on the following conditioning environment elements: lighting; ventilation; noise; windows with the outside view; colors and decoration; physical space of the unit; spacing between beds; furniture, and odors. Among these elements, nurses unanimously indicated the noise as a nuisance. The family member/companion and the nursing team relationship were also addressed by the two groups of participants, as well as the need to offer better conditions of stay in the environment. In conclusion, despite the changes, such as the introduction of Intensive Care Units, and the presence of the family in these areas, the nursing staff must uphold the principles of Florence Nightingale, with concern to the influence of the environment on the health-disease process, and to promote an environment suitable and friendly to the care of the child and his/her family, establishing the care centered on children and their families in line with the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy as the goal and meeting the current regulations for the planning and construction of healthcare facilities. The adaptations do not necessarily imply high costs, but most of the time, in simple reviews and updates of care practices, as well as in the periodic training of the staff on the ambiance and humanization, and the engagement of the nurse in the entire process of planning, construction and/or renovation of the unit.


Considerando la presencia del pariente/acompañante en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico (UTIP), se cree que ocurrieron transformaciones en el ambiente de la unidad intensiva para atender las demandas referentes a la asistencia al niño y su familia. El estudio tiene como objeto la configuración del ambiente de la UTIP en la asistencia al niño y su familia. Objetivos: indicar los elementos del ambiente de la UTIP; analizar la configuración del ambiente de la UTIP con la presencia de la familia del niño y discutir las implicaciones de la configuración del ambiente de la UTIP con la presencia de la familia del niño para la práctica asistencial de enfermería. El marco conceptual se basa en tres ejes: la caracterización de la unidad en la asistencia centrada en el niño y su familia de Elsen y Patrício (2005); a la Teoría Ambientalista de Florence Nightingale (1989) y a los Condicionantes Ambientales de la Arquitectura en los Establecimientos Asistenciales de Salud, basado en las legislaciones vigentes para la construcción y el planeamiento de la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo. Se trata de una investigación de naturaleza cualitativa. Los escenarios del estudio han sido las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátrica de tres hospitales públicos del Sistema Único de Salud, localizados en el Municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Los participantes fueron siete gestores de enfermería y 28 enfermeros asistenciales. Los procedimientos metodológicos han sido un formulario de caracterización de los participantes (enfermeros y gestores de enfermería), una encuesta semiestructurada (enfermeros), una entrevista semiestructurada (gestores de enfermería) y observación participante (ambiente de los escenarios). El análisis de los datos ha sido basado en el análisis temático, siendo utilizado el software Iramuteq 7.2. como herramienta de apoyo para organización de los datos. Los gestores, no valorizaron la influencia de los elementos ambientales en la recuperación del niño. Sin embargo, los aspectos relacionados al espacio físico de la unidad, distanciamiento entre lechos, mobiliario y ubicación del puesto de enfermería fueron mencionados por ellos. Para los enfermeros, hubo énfasis en los siguientes elementos condicionantes del ambiente: iluminación; ventilación; ruidos; ventanas con vista para el exterior; colores y decoración; espacio físico de la unidad; distanciamiento entre lechos; mobiliario y olores. Entre eses elementos, los ruidos fueron indicados como un incomodo de manera unánime. La relación del pariente/acompañante y el equipo de enfermería ha sido también abordada por los dos grupos de participantes, así como la necesidad de ofrecer mejores condiciones de permanencia en el ambiente. Se concluye que aunque las transformaciones, como el surgimiento de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y la presencia de la familia en esas unidades, el equipo de enfermería debe mantener los principios de Florence Nightingale en lo que se refiere a la influencia del ambiente en el proceso salud-enfermedad y la promoción de un ambiente adecuado y acogedor para la asistencia al niño y su familia, estableciendo como meta el cuidado centrado en el niño y su familia, en consonancia con las directrices de la Política Nacional de Humanización y atendiendo las normas vigentes para el planeamiento y construcción de los establecimientos de salud. Las adecuaciones no implican necesariamente en costos elevados, pero en la mayoría de las veces, en simples revisiones y actualizaciones de las prácticas asistenciales, así como en la capacitación periódica del equipo acerca del ambiente y humanización, como también en el compromiso del enfermero en todo el proceso de planeamiento, construcción y/o reforma de la unidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Comprehensive Health Care , Health Facility Environment , Rest , Nursing Theory , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Qualitative Research , Family Support , Interior Design and Furnishings
7.
Clin. biomed. res ; 41(3): 199-204, 20210000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1348018

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A longa hospitalização dos neonatos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal tem como consequência o aumento dos riscos de alterações posturais devido ao tempo prolongado dentro de incubadoras e berços. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um dispositivo para promover uma alternativa de mudança de decúbito denominada Cadeira Terapêutico Neonatal. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo e descritivo de desenvolvimento e produção, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com o no 17-0254 e constituído por três etapas: desenvolvimento e confecção do protótipo; avaliação da aplicabilidade do protótipo por meio de um questionário de aplicabilidade, após transcorridos 10 minutos do posicionamento funcional; e definição do modelo e solicitação do pedido de invenção pelo Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Resultados: Foram desenvolvidos e confeccionados dois modelos de protótipos de Cadeira Terapêutica Neonatal. Vinte e oito colaboradores da equipe assistencial responderam ao questionário: 82% consideram muito bom na avaliação no grau de conforto e adaptação do neonato; 96% avaliaram como muito fácil de realizar o processo de higienização. Onze (39,28%) colaboradores sugeriram promover medidas de melhorias no cinto de segurança. Definiu-se o modelo do invento e foi feita a inserção do pedido sob o número BR 20.2020.005865 2 no INPI. Conclusão: O modelo proposto promoveu uma alternativa de mudança de postura, tendo como característica a aplicabilidade e a usabilidade. (AU)


Introduction: The long hospitalization of neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit has the consequence of increasing the risks of postural changes due to the prolonged time inside incubators and cradles. The aim of the study was to develop a device to promote an alternative for changing the decubitus position called "Neonatal Therapy Chair". Methods: Qualitative and descriptive study of development and production, approved Human Research Protection Office number 17-0254 ­ consisting of three stages: Stage 1- development and making of the prototype; Step 2- evaluation of the applicability of the prototype through an Applicability Questionnaire, after 10 minutes of functional positioning; Stage 3- definition of the model and request for an invention request by the NIIP (National Institute of Industrial Property). Results: Stage 1: two prototype. Stage 2: Twenty-eight employees of the assistance team answered the questionnaire: 82% consider it very good in assessing the degree of comfort and adaptation of the newborn; 96% rated it as very easy to carry out the cleaning process. Eleven (39.28%) employees suggested promoting measures to improve seat belts. Step 3: definition of the model of the invention and insertion of the order under number BR 20 2020 005865 2 at NIIP. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Inventions , Patient Positioning/instrumentation , Interior Design and Furnishings
8.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 38(3): [e13], Octubre 20 2020. Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Figure 1
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1129006

ABSTRACT

Objective. Determine the level of environmental and periauricular noise in preterm babies and identify the sources generating noise in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit -NICU- of a reference hospital in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Methods. Cross-sectional and analytic study of the measurement of the level of environmental noise in five critical areas of the NICU, according with the method of measurement of noise from fixed sources by the Mexican Official Norm and periauricular at 20 cm from the preterm patient's pinna. The measurements were carried out during three representative days of a week, morning, evening and nocturnal shifts. A STEREN 400 sound level meter was used with 30 to 130 dB range of measurement and a rate of 0.5 s. Results. The average level of periauricular noise (64.5±1.91dB) was higher than the environmental noise (63.3±1.74 dB) during the days and shifts evaluated. The principal noise sources were activities carried out by the staff, like the nursing change of shift and conversations by the staff, which raised the level continuously or intermittently, operation of vital support equipment (alarms) and incidences (clashing of baby bottles and moving furnishings) produced sudden rises of noise. Conclusions. Environmental and periauricular noise in NICU exceeds by two and almost three times the 45 dB during the day and 35 dB at night from the norm in hospitals. It is necessary to implement permanent noise reduction programs to prevent sequelae in the preterm infant and professional burnout in the nursing staff


Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de ruido ambiental y periauricular en prematuros e identificar las fuentes generadoras de ruido en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales -UCIN- de un hospital de referencia de San Luis Potosí, México. Métodos. Estudio transversal y analítico de la medición del nivel de ruido ambiental en cinco áreas críticas de la UCIN de acuerdo al método de medición de ruido de fuentes fijas de la Norma Oficial Mexicana y periauricular a 20 cm del pabellón auricular del prematuro. Las mensuraciones se realizaron en tres días representativos de una semana, turnos matutino, vespertino y nocturno. Se utilizó un sonómetro STEREN 400 con rango de medición de 30 a 130 dB y una frecuencia de 0.5 s. Resultados. El promedio del nivel de ruido periauricular (64.5±1.91dB) fue mayor que el ambiental (63.3±1.74 dB) en los días y turnos evaluados. Las principales fuentes de ruido fueron las actividades realizadas por el personal como entrega de turno de enfermería y conversación del personal que elevó el nivel de manera continua o intermitente, el funcionamiento del equipo de soporte vital (alarmas) e incidencias (choque de biberones y mover mobiliario) produjeron elevaciones súbitas de ruido. Conclusiones. El ruido ambiental y periauricular en UCIN sobrepasa al doble y casi al triple los 45 dB en el día y 35 dB por la noche de la normativa en hospitales. Es necesario implementar programas permanentes de reducción de ruido para prevenir secuelas en el prematuro y desgaste profesional en el personal de enfermería.


Objetivo. Determinar o nível de ruído ambiental e periatrial em bebês prematuros e identificar as fontes geradoras de ruído na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal -UTIN- de um hospital de referência em San Luis Potosí, México. Métodos. Estudo transversal e analítico da medição do nível de ruído ambiental em cinco áreas críticas da UTIN de acordo com o método de medição de ruído de fontes fixas do Padrão Oficial Mexicano e periauricular a 20 cm da orelha do prematuro. As medições foram realizadas em três dias representativos da semana, turnos matutinos, vespertino e noturno. Foi utilizado um medidor de nível de som STEREN 400 com faixa de medição de 30 a 130 dB e frequência de 0.5 s. Resultados. O nível médio de ruído periatrial (64.5±1.91 dB) foi superior ao ruído ambiente (63.3±1.74 dB) nos dias e turnos avaliados. As principais fontes de ruído foram as atividades realizadas pela equipe, como entrega do plantão de enfermagem e conversas com a equipe que aumentavam o nível de forma contínua ou intermitente, o funcionamento do equipamento de suporte de vida (alarmes) e incidentes (choque de mamadeira e movimentação de móveis) produziu picos repentinos de ruído. Conclusões. O ruído ambiental e periatrial na UTIN é mais do que o dobro e quase o triplo dos 45 dB diurnos e 35 dB noturnos dos regulamentos dos hospitais. Faz-se necessária a implantação de programas permanentes de redução de ruído para prevenir sequelas em prematuros e esgotamento profissional na equipe de enfermagem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Noise Measurement , Interior Design and Furnishings
9.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(2): 583-606, abr.-jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134057

ABSTRACT

Resumen El llamado Castelo Mourisco constituye un modelo exacto de la función elevada que corresponde a la arquitectura. Más interesante todavía cuando se trata de la sede de un instituto de ciencias biomédicas de prestigio mundial, cuyo cuidado diseño evidencia el compromiso humanista de Oswaldo Cruz, su impulsor. Solo gracias a la impecable alianza entre promotor y proyectista pueden lograrse realizaciones arquitectónicas como ésta, donde se traspasan los límites constructivos hasta simbolizar la fusión de ciencia, historia y arte. El análisis de los variados recursos estilísticos utilizados en el edificio justifica su elección y vigencia, pues desde hace un siglo no solo ocupa el corazón del campus de Manguinhos, sino que también actualiza el espíritu de la institución que alberga.


Abstract The so-called Castelo Mourisco provides an accurate model of the elevated function of architecture. It is all the more interesting because it is the headquarters of an internationally-renowned institute of biomedical sciences, and its meticulous design reveals the humanist ideals of Oswaldo Cruz, its founder. Only through a faultless alliance between founder and designer can architectural creations like this one arise; it transcends the limits of construction to symbolize the fusion of science, history and art. Analysis of the various stylistic resources used in the building justifies their selection and continued relevance, since for a century it has not only occupied the heart of the Manguinhos campus, but also continued to express the modern spirit of the institution it harbors.


Subject(s)
Drawing , Buildings , Facility Design and Construction , Interior Design and Furnishings , Brazil , Academies and Institutes
10.
Santa Tecla, La Libertad; ITCA Editores; ene. 2020. 90 p. ^c28 cm.ilus., tab., graf..
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, BISSAL | ID: biblio-1222433

ABSTRACT

Se desarrolló una propuesta de intervención arquitectónica y constructiva de iluminación natural, ventilación y confort térmico para el área de rehabilitación del edificio de la Fundación Teletón Pro Rehabilitación FUNTER. Se diseñó una propuesta de interiorismo para uso eficiente de espacios, mobiliario, iluminación artificial, texturas y colores apropiados para el desarrollo de terapias. Se realizó un estudio de eficiencia energética para proponer medidas de ahorro y uso eficiente de la energía en el edificio. Se diseñó una nueva distribución de espacios en la zona de terapia y se aplicaron criterios de bioclimatismo pasivo, como la ventilación cruzada, ventilación cenital y la apertura de áreas de ventilación basándose en el análisis de vientos del sitio para mejorar la sensación térmica interna. La implementación de un jardín sensorial ayudará a los pacientes de terapia de marcha a interactuar en un área más cercana a las superficies reales del ambiente.


An architectural and constructive intervention proposal for natural lighting, ventilation and thermal comfort was developed for the rehabilitation area of ​​the Teletón Pro Rehabilitation Foundation FUNTER building. An interior design proposal was designed for the efficient use of spaces, furniture, artificial lighting, textures and appropriate colors for the development of therapies. An energy efficiency study was carried out to propose measures for saving and efficient use of energy in the building. A new distribution of spaces was designed in the therapy area and passive bioclimatic criteria were applied, such as cross ventilation, overhead ventilation and the opening of update areas in the site wind analysis to improve the internal thermal sensation. Implementing a sensory garden will help gait therapy patients interact in an area closer to the actual surfaces of the environment.


Subject(s)
Disabled Persons/rehabilitation , Facility Design and Construction , Interior Design and Furnishings , Therapeutics , Ventilation , Lighting , Health of the Disabled , Usage Remodeling
11.
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ; : 3-2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-762580

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) during working hours by job status and occupation. METHODS: Using the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), 49,674 respondents who answered the question about SHS were studied. A chi-square test was carried out to determine whether there is a significant different in SHS exposure frequency by general and occupational characteristics and experience of discrimination at work and logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the risk level of SHS exposure by variables. RESULTS: In this study, we found that male workers in their 40s and 50s, workers employed in workplaces with fewer than 50 employees, daily workers, and people working outdoors had a higher rate of exposure to SHS than the others. The top five occupations with the highest SHS exposure were construction and mining-related occupations, metal core-makers-related trade occupations, wood and furniture, musical instrument, and signboard-related trade occupations, transport and machine-related trade occupations, transport and leisure services occupations. The least five exposed occupations were public and enterprise senior officers, legal and administrative professions, education professionals, and health, social welfare, and religion-related occupations. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoke is a significant occupational hazard. Smoking ban policy in the workplace can be a very effective way to reduce the SHS exposure rate in the workplace and can be more effective if specifically designed by the job status and various occupations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Discrimination, Psychological , Education , Interior Design and Furnishings , Leisure Activities , Logistic Models , Music , Occupations , Smoke , Smoking , Social Welfare , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Wood
12.
Rev. pesqui. cuid. fundam. (Online) ; 10(4): 1150-1155, out.-dez. 2018. il
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-915684

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Investigar a acessibilidade física de mobiliários, equipamentos e instalações sanitárias em Unidades de Saúde de Família. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de base populacional, realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se um checklist fundamentado na Norma Brasileira 9050. Resultados: Dos 90 prédios avaliados, 83,3% dos balcões e das mesas de trabalho e 85,6% dos assentos ambulatoriais estão adequados, como preconizado pela legislação. Entretanto, apenas 24,4% dos bebedouros estão instalados adequadamente. Nenhuma das unidades apresentou textos contendo orientações e instruções escritas em braille; 60,0% não têm sanitários adequados, e 92,2% não estão devidamente sinalizados. Conclusão: Ainda são muitas as barreiras encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência para o uso dos serviços de atenção básica à saúde. Nesse sentido, se faz necessário, intervenções específicas a esse grupo populacional e a avaliação das políticas públicas, para efetivar tudo o que é garantido por lei


Objective: To investigate the physical accessibility of furniture, equipment and sanitary facilities in Family Health Units. Method: This is an exploratory descriptive research, population-based, carried out in the Family health units of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. We used a checklist based on the Brazilian Standard 9050. Results: From the 90 assessed buildings, 83.3% of branches and desks and 85.6% of outpatient seats are adequate, as recommended by law. However, only 24.4% of the drinking fountains are installed properly. None of the units presented texts containing guidelines and instructions written in braille; 60.0% do not have adequate sanitation, and 92.2% are not properly signed. Conclusion: There are still many barriers faced by people with disabilities for the use of primary care services to health. In this sense, specific interventions are necessary to this population group and evaluation of public policies, to accomplish all that is guaranteed by law


Objetivo: Investigar la accesibilidad física de los muebles, equipos e instalaciones sanitarias en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Método: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, una basada en la población, llevado a cabo en las unidades de salud del município John Familia Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Se utilizó una lista de control basado en el estándar de Brasil 9050. Resultados: 90 edificios evaluados, el 83,3% de las oficinas y los escritorios y el 85,6% de los puestos de consulta externa son adecuados, según lo recomendado por la ley. Sin embargo, sólo el 24,4% de las fuentes de agua potable están instalados correctamente. Ninguna de las unidades presenta textos que contienen directrices e instrucciones escritas en Braille; 60.0% no cuenta com saneamiento adecuado, y el 92,2% no ha iniciado correctamente. Conclusión: Todavía hay muchas barreras que enfrentan las personas con discapacidad a la utilización de los servicios de atención primaria a la salud. En este sentido, es necesario, intervenciones específicas para este grupo de población y la evaluación de políticas públicas, para llevar a cabo todo lo que está garantizado por la ley


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disabled Persons , Health Services Accessibility , Interior Design and Furnishings/methods , Sanitary Installations , Brazil , Durable Medical Equipment , Primary Health Care
13.
Cienc. Trab ; 20(61): 48-55, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-952565

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El presente estudio se orientó a analizar la Unidad de Sala de Pre-partos/ partos, la cual forma parte de una de las seis áreas que componen la Unidad de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Regional de Talca. El puesto se basa principalmente en el desarrollo sistémico de entrada, salida del personal y su estancia en el desarrollo de la actividad, debido a la exigencia laboral que presenta esta en cuanto a demandas físicas, psicológicas y organizacionales dentro del área de trabajo. Al ser considerada una unidad de urgencia, se caracteriza por presentar la mayor complejidad dentro del servicio, debido a que se evidencian casos de alto riesgo de pacientes y, por otro lado, situaciones programa das en el caso de cesáreas electivas e inducciones de parto. El levantamiento realizado permitió hallar factores de tiempos de traba jo y actividades, físicos (carga física, sobrecarga postural) y mentales (carga mental y factores psicosociales). Estos factores fueron evaluados por una lista de verificación, descripción de actividades, porcentaje de carga cardiovascular, evaluación de mobiliario de trabajo y medidas antropométricas, RULA, cuestionario de Pittsburgt (calidad del sueño) y la aplicación de la encuesta de riesgos psicosociales SUSESO-ISTAS 21. Se concluye que, al ir en aumento el porcentaje de pacientes que ingre san al servicio en situaciones programadas y de urgencia, se dificulta su atención en las unidades por falta de camas disponibles, complicación en su traslado y estadía en ellas. Por ello, se recomiendan soluciones que disminuyan la carga de trabajo y mejoren el ambiente laboral.


Abstract: The present study was oriented to analyze the Unit of Labor/Delivery Room, which is part of one of the six areas that make up the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the Regional Hospital of Talca. The position is mainly based on the systemic development of entry, exit of staff and their stay in the development of the activity, due to the labor require ment that this presents in terms of physical, psychological and orga nizational demands within the work area. As an emergency unit, it is characterized by presenting the greatest complexity within the service, due to the fact that there are cases of high risk of patients and, on the other hand, situations programmed in the case of elective cesareans and labor induction. The data collected made possible to find factors of work times and activities, physical (physical load, postural overload) and mental (men tal load and psychosocial factors). These factors were evaluated by a checklist, description of activities, percentage of cardiovascular load, evaluation of work furniture and anthropometric measurements, RULA, Pittsburgt questionnaire (quality of sleep) and the application of the psychosocial risk survey SUSEO-ISTAS twenty-one. It is concluded that, as the percentage of patients entering the service in programmed and urgent situations increases, it becomes difficult for them to attend to the units due to the lack of available beds, com plication in their transfer and stay in them. Therefore, solutions that reduce the workload and improve the work environment are recom mended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Delivery Rooms , Ergonomics , Posture , Quality of Life , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Chile , Anthropometry , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Workload , Workplace , Emergency Service, Hospital , Occupational Stress/diagnosis , Hospitals, Public , Interior Design and Furnishings
14.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 39: e20170009, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960797

ABSTRACT

Resumo OBJETIVO: Avaliar acessibilidade física da recepção de unidades de atenção primária à saúde. MÉTODO: Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, para mapear acessibilidade do espaço físico da área de recepção em 157 unidades de saúde, entre agosto de 2014 a maio de 2015, na região do maciço de Baturité, Ceará, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados com instrumento tipo check-list e para análise utilizou-se frequências absolutas, relativas, teste binomial e teste de verossimilhança, com significância estatística de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos itens analisados, escadas (24,8%), rampas (47,1%) e piso (75,8%) foram inacessíveis na maioria das unidades de saúde. Comparando zona urbana e rural, área de circulação (0,7x; p=0,293), balcão (0,4x; p=0,010), assento (0,7x; p=0,758) e bebedouros (0,7x; p=0,736) tiveram maior inacessibilidade na zona urbana. CONCLUSÃO: O acesso das pessoas com deficiência física na atenção primária deve ser visto como prioridade; existem barreiras físicas, arquitetônicas e mobiliárias que comprometem o acolher integralmente do usuário.


Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar la accesibilidad física de la recepción de las unidades de atención primaria de la salud. MÉTODO Investigación descriptiva y cuantitativa para mapear la accesibilidad del espacio físico de la zona de recepción en 157 unidades de salud, entre agosto 2014 y mayo 2015, en la región del cerrado de Baturité, Ceará, Brasil. Se recolectaron los datos a través del instrumento tipo check-listy, y los mismos se analizaron mediante frecuencias absolutas, relativas, prueba binomial y la prueba de probabilidad, con significación estadística de p <0,05. RESULTADOS De los elementos analizados, escaleras (24,8%), rampas (47,1%) y piso (75,8%) la mayoría de las unidades de salud era inaccesible. Comparando las áreas urbanas con las rurales, las áreas de circulación (0,7x; p = 0,293), las barras (0,4 x; p = 0,010), los asientos (0,7x; p = 0,758) y los bebederos (0,7x; p = 0,736 ) presentaron mayor inaccesibilidad en el área urbana. CONCLUSIÓN El acceso de las personas con discapacidad física en la atención primaria debe ser percibido como una prioridad. Existen barreras físicas, arquitectónicas y mobiliarias que comprometen la acogida integral del usuario.


Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the physical accessibility from the front desk of primary healthcare units. METHOD: Descriptive and quantitative research to map the accessibility of the physical space in 157 health units, between August 2014 and May 2015, in the region of Baturité, Ceará, Brazil. The data were collected using a checklist instrument type, and absolute and relative frequencies, binomial and verisimilitude tests for statistical analysis, with statistical significance of p <0.05 were used. RESULTS Of the analyzed items, stairs (24.8%), ramps (47.1%) and floors (75.8%) were inaccessible in most health units. Comparing urban and rural areas, circulation area (0.7x, p=0.293), counter (0.4x, p=0.010), seat (0.7x, p=0.758) and drinking fountain (0.7x, p=0.736) were more inaccessible in the urban area. CONCLUSION The access of persons with physical disabilities to primary care should be seen as a priority. There are physical, architectural and furniture barriers that compromise the full embracement of the user.


Subject(s)
Humans , Architectural Accessibility , Primary Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , Brazil , Disabled Persons , Communication Barriers , Urban Health Services , Rural Health Services , Interior Design and Furnishings
15.
Journal of the Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health ; : 7-16, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-758534

ABSTRACT

The causal relationship between cigarette smoking during pregnancy and adverse maternal and child health outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome are well known. In addition, cigarette compounds are neurotoxic even at extremely low levels. Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the contamination that persists after secondhand tobacco smoke has been emitted into air. It refers to the tobacco-related gases and particles that become embedded in materials such as carpets, walls, furniture, blankets, and toys. THS is not strictly smoke but chemicals that adhere to surfaces from which they can be released back into the air, undergo chemical transformations, and/or accumulate. The concept of THS is a relatively new phenomenon in the environmental and public health field. Currently, the hazards of THS are not as well documented as the hazards of secondhand smoke. Furthermore, its health effects and biological effects are largely unknown. This review summarizes recent research progress in reproductive toxicology studies that use animal models and in vitro systems, studies of environmental contamination by THS, human exposure studies, and priorities for further research. Future research must be conducted to facilitate hazard identification, and exposure and risk assessment to address its health effect on susceptible populations, such as pregnant women and children. In addition, policies and laws concerning tobacco smoke will need to be reviewed and possibly revised with the role of THS considered as an indispensable component of a broader tobacco control strategy in maternal and child health.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Child Health , Floors and Floorcoverings , Gases , In Vitro Techniques , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Interior Design and Furnishings , Jurisprudence , Maternal Health , Models, Animal , Play and Playthings , Pregnant Women , Premature Birth , Public Health , Risk Assessment , Smoke , Smoking , Sudden Infant Death , Tobacco , Tobacco Products , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Toxicology
16.
Rev. Kairós ; 20(3): 287-307, set. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-905992

ABSTRACT

We perform a literature review to show the importance of universal design in designing the kitchen environment and some kitchen utensils, focusing on the elderly user. As such, we argue about the importance of the built environment for the elderly and particularly of the kitchen. We also provide examples of universal design solutions for the kitchen and some of its utensils. At the end, we discuss the relevance of this study for an aging society.


Realizamos una revisión de la literatura para mostrar la importancia del diseño universal en el diseño del entorno de la cocina y algunos utensilios de cocina, centrándose en el usuario de edad avanzada. Como tal, discutimos sobre la importancia del entorno construido para los ancianos y particularmente de la cocina. También proporcionamos ejemplos de soluciones universales de diseño para la cocina y algunos de sus utensilios. Al final, discutimos la relevancia de este estudio para una sociedad que envejece.


Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura para evidenciar a importância do design universal no projeto do ambiente da cozinha e de alguns utensílios de cozinha, com foco no usuário idoso. Assim, discute-se a importância do ambiente construído para os idosos e, particularmente, da cozinha. Também são fornecidos exemplos de soluções de design universal e para alguns utensílios. Ao final, discute-se a relevância do estudo para uma sociedade que está envelhecendo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged , Cooking and Eating Utensils , Interior Design and Furnishings
17.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society ; : 584-590, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-83978

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological films of children under 24 months who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 for TBI. Specifically, we analyzed age, cause of injury, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, radiological diagnosis, seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and we divided outcomes into good (GOS 4–5) or poor (GOS 1–3). We identified the risk factors for post-traumatic seizure (PTS) and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 60, 39 males and 21 females. Most common age group was between 0 to 5 months, and the median age was 6 months. Falls were the most common cause of injury (n=29, 48.3%); among them, 15 were falls from household furniture such as beds and chairs. Ten patients (16.7%) developed PTS, nine in one week; thirty-seven patients (61.7%) had skull fractures. Forty-eight patients had initial GCS scores of 13–15, 8 had scores of 12–8, and 4 had scored 3–7. The diagnoses were as follows: 26 acute subdural hematomas, 8 acute epidural hematomas, 7 focal contusional hemorrhages, 13 subdural hygromas, and 4 traumatic intracerebral hematomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. Among them, two patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal. Four patients were victims of child abuse, and all of them had PTS. Fifty-five patients improved to good-to-moderate disability. Child abuse, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found that the salient risk factor for a poor outcome was initial GCS on admission. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of traumatic head injury in individuals aged less than 24 months was falls, especially from household furniture. Child abuse, moderate to severe TBI, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS. Most of the patients recovered with good outcomes, and the risk factor for a poor outcome was initial mental status.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Accidental Falls , Brain , Brain Injuries , Child Abuse , Contusions , Craniocerebral Trauma , Craniotomy , Demography , Diagnosis , Family Characteristics , Glasgow Coma Scale , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Hematoma , Hematoma, Subdural, Acute , Hemorrhage , Hydrocephalus , Interior Design and Furnishings , Medical Records , Multivariate Analysis , Parents , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seizures , Skull Fractures , Subdural Effusion , Sutures
19.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 43-47, Jan.-Mar. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-773510

ABSTRACT

Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a serious problem for workers and therefore for businesses. The hearing conservation program (HCP) is a set of coordinated measures to prevent the development or evolution of occupational hearing loss, which involves a continuous and dynamic process of implementation of hearing conservation routines through anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and subsequent control of the occurrence of existing environmental risks or of those thatmay exist in the workplace and lead to workers hearing damage. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HCP in preventing further hearing loss in workers with audiograms suggestive of NIHL. The audiometric tests and medical records of 28 furniture company workers exposed to noise were reviewed and monitored for 2 years. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined five audiometric tests in the medical records (on admission and every semester) of 28 workers in a furniture company (totaling 140 audiometric exams) following the introduction of the HCP. Results Data analysis showed no differences between the audiometric tests conducted on admission and those performed every semester. Conclusions The HCP implemented was effective in preventing the worsening of hearing loss in workers already with NIHL when exposed to occupational noise. Therefore, such a measure could be useful for the employment of workers with hearing loss in job sectors that have noise exposure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced , Hearing Tests , Retrospective Studies , Occupational Health , Interior Design and Furnishings
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